The Significance of Microbial Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds in the Light of Integrated Crop Management

Nitrogen (N) is widely distributed in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It a basic component of every plant cell as well microorganisms, proteins, nucleic acids chlorophyll. enters soil with organic mineral fertilizers, animal residues biological nitrogen fixation. There are various forms soil, this element usually transformed by microorganisms. The transformation compounds (ammonification, nitrification immobilization) significantly influenced climatic conditions physicochemical properties soil. Microbial mineralization matter results enrichment element, which necessary to generate yield. amount entering through crop ranges from 15 45 kg N/ha cereal 80 144 winter rape residues. Biological fixation can increase content 30–50 kg/ha/year. In recent decades, mismanagement fertilizers has drastically changed natural balance cycle. Every year huge amounts enter aquatic ecosystems cause their eutrophication. That why it important have adequate knowledge sustainable fertilization so practice integrated management.